Reading Comprehension Passage 1
This
rapid transcontinental settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances
of the last half of the 19“’ century were accompanied by the development of a
national literature of great abundance and variety. Line New themes, new forms,
new subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the
literature of this half century. As a result, at the onset of World War I, the
spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably,
just as its center of production had shifted from Boston to New York In the
late 1880s and the sources of its energy to Chicago and the Midwest. No longer
was it produced, at
least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men
from New England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed,
grammatically correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in
its narratives no longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and
remote times; no longer, indeed, were fiction,
poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable forms of literary
expression; no longer, finally, was literature read primarily by young, middle
class women. In sum, American literature in these years fulfilled in
considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for inl867 in describing
Leaves of Grass: It treats, he said of his own major work, each state and
region as peers “and expands from them, and includes the world … connecting an
American citizen with the citizens of all nations.” At the same time, these
years saw the emergence of what has been designated “the literature of
argument,” powerful works in sociology, philosophy, psychology, many of them
impelled by the spirit of exposure and reform. Just as America learned to play
a role in this half century as an autonomous international political, economic,
and military power, so did its literature establish itself as a producer of
major works.
1. The main idea of this passage is …
(A) that the new American literature was less provincial than the old
(B) that World War I caused a dramatic change in America
(C) that centers of culture shifted from East to West
(D) that most people were wary of the new literature
(B) that World War I caused a dramatic change in America
(C) that centers of culture shifted from East to West
(D) that most people were wary of the new literature
Jawab: (A) that the new American literature was less provincial
Keyword: were accompanied by the development of a national literature
Pembahasan: Gagasan utama dari bacaan ini adalah sastra Amerika baru kurang kedaerahan dari yang lawas (that the new American literature was less provincial than the old).
2. It can be inferred from lines 1-3 that the previous passage probably discussed …
(A) the Importance of tradition to writers
(B) new developments in industrialization and population shifts
(C) the fashions and values of 19th century America
(D) the limitations of American literature to this time
(B) new developments in industrialization and population shifts
(C) the fashions and values of 19th century America
(D) the limitations of American literature to this time
Jawab: (B) new developments In Industrialization and population shifts
Keyword: the rapid transcontinental settlement and these new urban Industrial
Pembahasan: Yang dapat disimpulkan dari kalimat 1 adalah perkembangan pergeseran industrialisasl dan populasi yang baru (new developments in industrialization and population shifts).
3. The word “evolved” is closest in meaning to…
(A) became famous
(B) turned back
(C) diminished
(D) changed
(B) turned back
(C) diminished
(D) changed
Jawab: (D) changed
Keyword: had shifted from
Pembahasan: evolved – berevolusi became famous = menjadi terkenal turned back = berbalik diminished = berkurang changed = berubah
4. The word “it” refers to…
(A) the population
(B) the energy
(C) American literature
(D) the manufacturing
(B) the energy
(C) American literature
(D) the manufacturing
Jawab: (C) American literature Keyword: the spirit and substance of American literature
Keyword: the spirit and substance of American literature
Pembahasan: Kata “it” mengacu pada sastra Amerika (American literature).
5. The word “exotic” is closest in meaning to…
(A) urban
(B) unusual
(C) well-known
(D) old-fashioned
(B) unusual
(C) well-known
(D) old-fashioned
Jawab : (B) unusual Keyword Pembahasan
Keyword: exotic places and remote times
Pembahasan: Kata “exotic” = eksotis arti yang terdekat unusual = tidak biasa
• urban = perkotaan
• unusual = tidak biasa
• well-known = terkenal
• old-fashioned = kuno
• urban = perkotaan
• unusual = tidak biasa
• well-known = terkenal
• old-fashioned = kuno
6. The author uses the word “indeed” for what purpose?
(A) to emphasize the contrast he is making
(B) for variety in a lengthy paragraph
(C) to wind down his argument
(D) to show a favorable attitude to these forms of literature
(B) for variety in a lengthy paragraph
(C) to wind down his argument
(D) to show a favorable attitude to these forms of literature
Jawab: (A) to emphasize the contrast he is making
Keyword: no longer
Pembahasan: Penulis menggunakan kata ” indeed = benar” untuk menekankan kontras (to emphasize the contrast he is making).
7. The phrase “these years” in line 17 refers to …
(A) 1850-1900
(B) the 1900s
(C) the early 1800s
(D) the present
(B) the 1900s
(C) the early 1800s
(D) the present
Jawab: (A) 1850-1900
Keyword: in late 1880s
Pembahasan: Ungkapan “these years = bertahun-tahun” dalam mengacu pada 1850-1900.
8. It can be inferred from the passage that Walt Whitman…
(A) disliked urban life
(B) was disapproving of the new literature
(C) wrote Leaves of Grass
(D) was an international diplomat
(B) was disapproving of the new literature
(C) wrote Leaves of Grass
(D) was an international diplomat
Jawab: (C) wrote Leaves of Grass Keyword: in describing Leaves of Grass
Keyword: in describing Leaves of Grass
Pembahasan: Hal yang dapat disimpulkan tentang Walt Whitman adalah menulis Leaves of Grass.
9. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the new literature EXCEPT…
(A) it was not highly regarded Internationally
(B) it introduced new american themes, characters, and settings
(C) itbrokewithmanyliterarytraditionsofthepast
(D) it spoke to the issue of reform and change
(B) it introduced new american themes, characters, and settings
(C) itbrokewithmanyliterarytraditionsofthepast
(D) it spoke to the issue of reform and change
Jawab: (A) ft was not highly regarded internationally
Keyword: 50 did its literature establish itself
Pembahasan: Simpulan di atas adalah benar tentang “new literature” literatur baru kecuali sangat tidak dihargai secara internasional (It was not highly regarded internationally).
10. This passage would probably be read in which of the following academic courses?
(A) European history
(B) American literature
(C) Current events
(D) International affairs
(B) American literature
(C) Current events
(D) International affairs
Jawab: (B) American literature
Keyword: substance of American literature
Reading Comprehension Passage 2
Scientists do not
yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive
to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk,
wheat, and egg, for example. Line rank among the most healthful and widely used
foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.
At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with
the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few
weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop.
Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy since it can
show up so many different ways.
Your symptoms could
be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains
mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common
food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate,
oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods
are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven
months.
Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by
foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium
nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour
cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured
meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have
been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins,
particularly B6 and niacin.
Children who are hyperactive may
benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high
in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers,
peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who
has written the book Why your Child is 30 Hyperactive. Other researchers have had
mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.
11. The topic of this passage is…
(A) reactions to foods
(B) food and nutrition
(C) infants and allergies
(D) a good diet
(B) food and nutrition
(C) infants and allergies
(D) a good diet
Jawab: (A) reactions to foods
Keyword: an individual becomes sensitive to a substance
Pembahasan: Topik dari bacaan tersebut adalah reaksi terhadap makan (reactios of foods).
12. According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to …
(A) the vast number of different foods we eat
(B) lack of a proper treatment plan
(C) the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
(D) the use of prepared formula to feed babies
(B) lack of a proper treatment plan
(C) the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
(D) the use of prepared formula to feed babies
Jawab: (C) the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
Keyword: it can show up so many different ways
Pembahasan: Menurut bagian ini, kesutitan dalam mendiagnosis alergi terhadap makanan adalah karena kemiripan gejala alergi dengan masalah lain (the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems).
13. The word “symptoms” in line 8 is closest in meaning to …
(A) indications
(B) diet
(C) diagnosis
(D) prescriptions
(B) diet
(C) diagnosis
(D) prescriptions
Jawab: (A) indications
Keyword: could be caused by many other problems
Pembahasan:
• symptoms = gejala
• indications = indikasi
• diet = diet
• diagnosis = diagnosis
• prescriptions = resep
• symptoms = gejala
• indications = indikasi
• diet = diet
• diagnosis = diagnosis
• prescriptions = resep
14. The phrase “set off” is closest the meaning …
(A) relieved
(B) identified
(C) avoided
(D) triggered
(B) identified
(C) avoided
(D) triggered
Jawab: (D) triggered
Keyword: by foods containing
Pembahasan: Ungkapan “set off” adalah paling mirip dengan arti triggered = dipicu
• relieved = lega
• identified= diidentifikasi
• avoided= dihindari
• relieved = lega
• identified= diidentifikasi
• avoided= dihindari
15. What can be inferred about babies from this passage?
(A) They can eat almost anything.
(B) They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
(C) They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
(D)They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
(B) They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
(C) They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
(D)They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
Jawab: (B) They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
Keyword: many of these allergies will not develop. If these foods are not fed to an infant until
Pembahasan: Simpulan tentang bayi adalah mereka harus memiliki pola makanan yang dibatasi dengan hati-hati (They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants).
16. The word “hyperactive” is closest in meaning to …
(A) overly active
(B) unusually low activity
(C) excited
(D) inquisitive
(B) unusually low activity
(C) excited
(D) inquisitive
Jawab: (A) overly active
Keyword: children who are hyperactive
Pembahasan: Kata “hiperaktif” mirip dengan overly active (terlalu aktif)
• overly active = terlalu aktif
• unusually low activity = aktivitas luar biasa rendah
• excited = bersemangat
• inquisitive = ingin tahu
• overly active = terlalu aktif
• unusually low activity = aktivitas luar biasa rendah
• excited = bersemangat
• inquisitive = ingin tahu
17. The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant’s …
(A) lack of teeth
(B) poor metabolism
(C) underdeveloped intestinal tract
(D) inability to swallow solid foods
(B) poor metabolism
(C) underdeveloped intestinal tract
(D) inability to swallow solid foods
Jawab: (C) underdeveloped intestinal tract
Keyword: until her or his intestines mature
Pembahasan: Dinyatakan dalam bacaan bahwa alasan bahwa bayi perlu menghindari makanan tertentu yang berhubungan dengan alergi karena saluran pencernaan yang belum berkembang baik.
Reading Comprehension Passage 3
A curfew is a
specific type of law instituted by those In power. It is one that requires
citizens to be off the streets and out of public places at specified hours.
There are active curfew laws in some communities in the United States
today; these laws are currently functioning. The existing curfew laws generally
refer to minors. These
laws usually indicate the hour when the children must be off the streets and
out of public unless they are with their parents.
Curfew laws have a long tradition. William of Normandy introduced the
custom to the British Isles after his invasion there in 1066. At curfew time, a
bell was rung. The pealing of
the bell indicated that citizens should extinguish any
burning fires and clear the streets for the night. The word curfew actually
developed at this time from the Norman French expression couvre-feu or cover
the fire.
(A) children
(B) communities
(C) public
(D) citizens
(B) communities
(C) public
(D) citizens
Jawab: (A) children
Keyword: generally refer to minors
Pembahasan: Minors = belum dewasa
• children = anak-anak
• communities = komunitas
• public = publik
• citizens = warga
• children = anak-anak
• communities = komunitas
• public = publik
• citizens = warga
19. Look at the word “pealing” in paragraph 3. This word is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) ringing
(B) uncovering
(C) breaking
(D) burning
(B) uncovering
(C) breaking
(D) burning
Jawab: (A) ringing
Keyword: a bell was rung
Pembahasan: Pealing = bunyi
• ringing = dering
• uncovering = mengungkap
• breaking = pemecahan
• burning = pembakaran
• ringing = dering
• uncovering = mengungkap
• breaking = pemecahan
• burning = pembakaran
20. Citizens should extinguish any burning fires, (paragraph 3). Word extinguish is closest in meaning to…
(A) put in
(B) put on
(C) put off
(D) put out
(B) put on
(C) put off
(D) put out
Jawab: (D) put out
Keyword: should extinguish any burning fire
Pembahasan: Extinguish = padam
• put in =memasukkan
• put on = memakai
• put off =menunda
• put out = memadamkan
Reading Comprehension Passage 4
Lichens, of which more than
twenty thousand
species have been named, are complex associations
between certain algae. The lichen itself is not
an organism: rather it is the morphological and biochemical
product of the association. Neither a fungus
nor an alga alone can produce lichen.
The intimate relationship between these two
living components of lichen was once erroneously
though to represent mutualism. In mutual relationships,
both participants benefit. With lichens, however,
it appears the fungus actually parasitizes the algae.
This is one of the conclusions drawn from experiments
in which the two components of lichens were separated
and grown apart.
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and
grow around saveral kinds of algae. Some types of
algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject.
Lichen algae are autotrophic, meaning they make their
own food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are
heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the algae
within the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety
percent of than food made by the green alga cell is
transferred to the fungus. What, if anything, the fungus
contributes to the association is not well understood.
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats
and are often pioneers in hostile environments
where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow
endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside
of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by
stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of insects glue lichens to
their exoskeletons for camouflage.
Many species of birds use lichens as building
materials for nests. Human have used lichens for
dyes and antibiotics.
1. Which of the following best describes lichen association?
A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the second autotrophic
D. A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
Jawab: (B)
2. The word "hardly" in line 26 is clossest in meaning to
A. Tender
B. Durable
C. Armed
D. Beneficial
Jawab: (B)
3. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and
A. One organism parasitizes the other
B. Both organism benefit from the association
C. Both organism are harmed by the association
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association
Jawab: (B)
4. In line 7, the word "intimate" is nearest in meaning to
A. living
B. Extraordinary
C. Biological
D. Close
Jawab: (D)
5. Lichen serves as camouflage for which of the following?
A. Insects
B. Birds
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
Jawab: (A)
species have been named, are complex associations
between certain algae. The lichen itself is not
an organism: rather it is the morphological and biochemical
product of the association. Neither a fungus
nor an alga alone can produce lichen.
The intimate relationship between these two
living components of lichen was once erroneously
though to represent mutualism. In mutual relationships,
both participants benefit. With lichens, however,
it appears the fungus actually parasitizes the algae.
This is one of the conclusions drawn from experiments
in which the two components of lichens were separated
and grown apart.
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and
grow around saveral kinds of algae. Some types of
algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject.
Lichen algae are autotrophic, meaning they make their
own food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are
heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the algae
within the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety
percent of than food made by the green alga cell is
transferred to the fungus. What, if anything, the fungus
contributes to the association is not well understood.
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats
and are often pioneers in hostile environments
where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow
endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside
of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by
stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of insects glue lichens to
their exoskeletons for camouflage.
Many species of birds use lichens as building
materials for nests. Human have used lichens for
dyes and antibiotics.
1. Which of the following best describes lichen association?
A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the second autotrophic
D. A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
Jawab: (B)
2. The word "hardly" in line 26 is clossest in meaning to
A. Tender
B. Durable
C. Armed
D. Beneficial
Jawab: (B)
3. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and
A. One organism parasitizes the other
B. Both organism benefit from the association
C. Both organism are harmed by the association
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association
Jawab: (B)
4. In line 7, the word "intimate" is nearest in meaning to
A. living
B. Extraordinary
C. Biological
D. Close
Jawab: (D)
5. Lichen serves as camouflage for which of the following?
A. Insects
B. Birds
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
Jawab: (A)
SUMBER :
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